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BACKGROUND: On the basis of traditional herb wuling san, tianqi and danshen are added to make a preparation, jianshen lishui I , for treating blood stasis and edema; shichangpu and xiakucao are added to make a preparation, xingnao xiaozhong capsule, for treating fire, sputum and qiaobi in cerebral edema.OBJECTIVE: To observe the differences between jianshen lishui Ⅰ and xingano xiaozhong capsule on treating vascular-derived cerebral edema.DESIGN: Randomized grouping design and blank controlled study.SETTING: Laboratory of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Lab.oratory of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to April 2001. Totally 32 male rabbits with 7 months old were selected in the study.METHODS: ① Animal models with cerebral edema were established with self-fresh blood injection method. According to grouping method, animals were divided randomly into 4 groups: blank control group (without intervention); model group (without intervention after modeling); jianshen lishuiⅠ group (11.5 mL/kgjianshen lishui Ⅰ was perfused after modeling; jian-shen lishui Ⅰ consisted of 15 g sanqi, 15 g danshen, 10 gfuling, 10 gzhuling, 10 g zexie, 10 g baizhu and 10 g gu~hi, and provided by Dispensary of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200 mL/bag) and xingnao xiaozhong capsule group [after modeling, 11.5 mL/kg xingnao xiaozhong suspension was made by 380 mg/kg boiled distilled water; certification: southern medicine (96) 05079; consisting of 15g xiakucao, 15 g shichangpu, 10 gfuling, 10 g zhuling, 10 g zexie, 10 g baizhu and 10 g guizhi, 13.33 g raw materials per capsule; provided by Agent Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine] with 8 in each group. Animals in each group were divided into 12 and 24 hours subgroups with 4 in each time points. ② Animals were killed 12 and 24 hours after intervention with air embolism to calculate cerebral coefficient (total brain mass/body mass × 100%), cerebral water content [(wet weight - dry weight)/wet weight × 100%], Evens blue content in brain tissue [absorbency (A value) × microgram in standard liquid/an A value × (25 mL/wet weight)]. ③Positivity was tested with square method; differences among groups were compared with F test; differences between groups were compared with q test; time points were tested with t test; and irregular variance was checked with rank sum test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparisons of cerebral coefficient,water content and content of Evans blue in 12 and 24-hour experiment group.RESULTS: Totally 32 rabbits entered the final analysis. ① 12-hour experiment: Water content and Evans blue content in jianshen lishui Ⅰgroup and xingnao xiaozhong capsule group were obviously lower than those in model group (P ＜ 0.01); cerebral coefficient in jianshen lishui I group was lower than that in xingnao xiaozhong capsule group, but the difference was not significant (P ＞ 0.05); water content and Evans blue content in jianshen lishui Ⅰ group were lower than those in xingnao xiaozhong capsule group (P ＜ 0.05). ② 24-hour experiment: Water content and Evans blue content in jianshen lishui Ⅰ group and xingnao xiaozhong capsule group were obviously lower than those in model group (P ＜ 0.01);cerebral coefficient in jianshen lishui Ⅰ group was lower than that in model group (P ＜ 0.01); cerebral coefficient, water content and Evans blue content in jianshen lishui Ⅰ group were respectively lower than those in xingnao xiaozhong capsule group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Vascular-derived edema has found 12 hours after modeling and cerebral edema deteriorates with time passing. In addition, effect of jianshen lishui Ⅰ on blood brain barrier is superior to that of xingnao xiaozhong capsule.
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Medical students' English autonomy learning is different from other students,basing on some relevant autonomy learning theories,the authors investigated such aspects as learning motivation,achievement,length of time-spending,choice of learning strategy,major,gender,learning phase and family background of medical students'English autonomy learning.And at the same time,the authors analyzed its current situation and put forward some solutions to the existing problems.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between the department where patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas was first admitted and the delayed diagnoses(or misdiagnosis).Methods:The data of 1998 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinomas were collected and analyzed.Results:The department of otolaryngology and the radiation oncology have the high correction rates for the first diagnosis,but misdiagnosis rates in departments of surgical,internal medicine and traditional Chinese medicine were very poor.Conclusion:The clinical knowledge about nasopharyngeal carcinomas was the most important factor for the first diagnoses.
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Objective:Correlated factors of CET-4 scores and its washback effect on college English teaching were studied.Methods: more or less 1000 medical students′ CET-4 scores and their CET test anxiety levels were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 and Excel software.Result: It was shown that medical students′ CET-4 scores are negatively correlated with their CET-4 test anxiety levels,and positively correlated with the English scores in College Entrance Examination with significance,also correlated with their genders,their graduating senior high schools,their parents′ educational background,and without correlation with their majors.Conclusion: The positive effect of CET-4 washback can be applied to improve college English teaching quality and the aptitude of English language learning among medical college students.
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The relationship between teacher and student is a special interpersonal relationship,which is guarantee for successful education.Based on written questionnaires done on the 150 sophomore medical students in Chengdu Medical College and implications taken from the investigation,the paper discussed the effects of psychological contract relationship between the teacher and college medical students on the college student's English study,then put forward the corresponding measurements to improve the teacher's teaching quality.
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AIM: To study the protective effect and mechanism of panax notoginseng saponinsa(PNS) for dealing with rats with middle cerebral artery ischemia reperfusion(CI/RP). METHODS: To establish the rat middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion model with suture occlusion technique and record the neurologic impairment evaluation score on the basis of Zea Longa method,measured the infarct volume,and the others were detected neuron apoptosis by TUNEL technology and endogenous brain-derived neurotropic factor(BDNF) expression by immunohistochemistry technology. RESULTS: The administration of PNS to rat decreased neurologic impairment,reduced infarct volume,inhibited the neuron apoptosis,and increased endogenous BDNF expression after 24 hours CI/RP. CONCLUSION: Increasing endogenous BDNF expression after CI/RP might be the mechanisms of PNS for achieving neuroprotections.